of further hardening the people in their rebellion, not enlightening them. It is a message that will blind and deafen. This effect is clearly not permanent, in view of what follows in this book, but it will last until judgment falls even on Jerusalem and Judah. The prophet cries out like the Psalmist, “How long, O Lord?” (cf. Pss 13:2; 74:10; 79:5; 80:4; 89:46; 90:13).43 Notice that God does not reply with the sonorous ʿolam w-ʿôlam (“forever and ever”). No, the judgment is temporal and temporary,
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